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Understanding the views

Real A11y gives you multiple ways to inspect the same page. Each view answers a different question — but they all describe the same content.

The visual layout

This is what sighted users see: a spatial arrangement of sections, text, images, forms, and links.

Visual view: a website layout with a blue header, teal navigation sidebar, purple main content area with headings, text, images, inputs, and a button, an amber aside panel, and a slate footer.

Every colored shape represents a piece of content. The colors are consistent across all diagrams below — so you can track each element across views.


A11y Tree view

Assistive technology doesn't see the 2D layout. It reads the same content as a hierarchical tree, organized by landmark roles.

A11y tree view: the same website content rearranged as a tree diagram with document as the root, branching into banner, navigation, main, complementary, and contentinfo landmarks, each containing their child elements.

Same shapes, same colors — different structure. The tree shows what each element is (its role), what it's called (its accessible name), and where it sits in the hierarchy.

Read more about the A11y view →


Headings view

Screen reader users navigate primarily by headings. This view extracts just the heading elements and shows the document outline.

Headings view: only the heading elements from the page, shown as indigo bars indented by level — one H1 at the top, followed by H2s and H3s forming the document outline.

A well-structured outline has exactly one H1, no skipped levels, and a logical nesting that mirrors the page's sections.


TAB order view

Keyboard users press Tab to move between interactive elements. This view shows the exact sequence — a flat, numbered list of every focusable element.

Tab order view: focusable elements shown as numbered bars in sequence — sky-blue links, rose inputs, and a green button — each labeled with which landmark section it belongs to.

The color of each bar tells you the element type (link, input, button), and the badge on the right tells you which section it came from. The order should match the visual flow.

Read more about the TAB view →


Same content, four perspectives

ViewQuestion it answersWhat you see
VisualHow does it look?2D spatial layout
A11y TreeWhat does AT hear?Hierarchical tree with roles and names
HeadingsWhat's the document outline?Heading levels as a table of contents
TAB orderCan keyboard users reach everything?Flat numbered list of focusable elements

All four describe the same page. When they agree, the experience is equivalent for everyone. When they disagree, someone is getting a broken experience.

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